A to Z of Dog/Puppy Vaccination

Why Should I Vaccinate My Dog?

Vaccinations are vital because they prepare your dog's immune system to fight off specific infectious diseases caused by viruses and bacteria. By exposing the immune system to weakened or killed forms of these pathogens, the body learns to produce antibodies that can effectively combat these diseases. This defense mechanism is crucial in preventing severe and often deadly infectious diseases.

Diseases like canine distemper and parvovirus can have devastating effects especially in pups where chances of survival are minuscule. For example:

• Canine Distemper: May lead to permanent nervous system damage and life-long twitching and incoordination of movement.
• Parvovirus: Can cause fatal dehydration through severe vomiting and diarrhea.

Dog vaccination is the most effective way to eliminate these risks and ensure your dog leads a healthy, disease-free life.

Types of Dog Vaccines

Vaccines for dogs can be categorized into two groups: core vaccines and non-core vaccines. Core vaccines are those that every dog should receive, as they protect against highly contagious and dangerous diseases. Non-core vaccines are optional and may be recommended based on your dog’s lifestyle and risk factors. The World Small Animal Veterinary Association (WSAVA) is a globally recognized body that prepares vaccination guidelines for dogs & cats.

Core Vaccines for Dogs

1. Rabies Vaccine for Dogs: Rabies is a fatal disease that can affect dogs, humans, and other animals too. The anti-rabies vaccine is considered core, especially in countries endemic to rabies. Every dog must receive the rabies vaccine, with booster shots administered annually.
2. DHPPi Vaccine for Dogs: This combination vaccine protects against Distemper, Hepatitis, Parvovirus, and Parainfluenza. It's a core vaccine that all dogs should receive, with booster shots recommended every one to three years.
3. Leptospirosis Vaccine: Leptospirosis can lead to severe kidney and liver damage. It is crucial, especially if your dog is exposed to environments where the bacterium is prevalent. It should be administered annually.

Non-Core Vaccines for Dogs

• Bordetella (Kennel Cough): Bordetella causes respiratory infections in dogs. If your dog frequents kennels or dog parks, your vet may recommend this vaccine.

When to Begin with the Dog Vaccine Schedule?

Puppies should start their vaccine schedule between 6 to 8 weeks old. This initial vaccination phase is crucial as they are highly vulnerable to diseases. The schedule involves a series of vaccinations every 2-4 weeks until the puppy is 16-20 weeks old.

Puppy Vaccine Schedule

Age	Vaccine
6-8 Weeks	First dose of DHP (Distemper, Hepatitis, Parvovirus).
8-10 Weeks	DHPPiL (includes Leptospira).
10-12 weeks, 16 weeks, 6 months, & 12 months	Booster doses of DHPPiL.
12 weeks	Rabies vaccine, with boosters at 14-16 weeks and at 12 months.

Always consult with your vet to tailor the vaccination schedule for your pup.

Adult Dog Vaccination Schedule

When your puppy turns one year old and has completed all core vaccines, transition to an adult dog vaccination schedule. Booster doses are typically given annually or every 3 years, depending on lifestyle and risk assessments.

Care Before and After Vaccination

Pre-vaccination care: Ensure your dog is healthy and dewormed a week before vaccination. This reduces stress and enhances vaccine efficacy. Schedule a vet consultation for a comprehensive examination.

Vaccination must always be administered to a healthy animal that has been dewormed.

Post-vaccination care: Common side effects include slight fever, lethargy, or mild discomfort at the injection site. If these symptoms persist or worsen, consult your vet immediately.

FAQs

1. Why are vaccinations important for dogs?
   Vaccinations are essential for preparing your dog's immune system to fight off life-threatening diseases like distemper, parvovirus, and rabies.
2. When should adult dogs be vaccinated?
   Adult dogs usually receive booster shots of core vaccines every 1 to 3 years, based on your vet's assessment.
3. Can I delay my dog's vaccination?
   Delaying vaccinations can leave your dog vulnerable to infections. Consult your vet before postponing any vaccine.
4. Can pregnant dogs be vaccinated?
   It is generally recommended not to vaccinate pregnant dogs unless necessary, due to potential risks to developing puppies.
5. What happens if my dog misses a booster?
   Missed boosters can compromise immunity. Your vet may need to restart the series or give a catch-up booster.
6. Can vaccinations prevent all diseases in dogs?
   While vaccines are highly effective, they aren't guaranteed to protect against all diseases. However, they significantly reduce the severity of symptoms and risk of infection.

Keeping up with your dog's vaccinations is a small effort that delivers a lifetime of protection. Whether you're starting a puppy on their first shots or keeping an adult dog healthy, a structured vaccination schedule is key to a long, active, and disease-free life.